Herpes simplex - 単純ヘルペス
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ドイツの2022年Stiftung Warentestの結果では、ModelDermに対する消費者満足度は有料の遠隔医療相談よりもわずかに低いだけでした。
ドイツの2022年Stiftung Warentestの結果では、ModelDermに対する消費者満足度は有料の遠隔医療相談よりもわずかに低いだけでした。
唇の単純ヘルペス。
単純ヘルペス (Herpes simplex) ― 指にできる単純ヘルペス感染症は、成人よりも幼児に多く見られます。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesHSV-1 感染は、上皮細胞への一次感染、続いて主にニューロンでの潜伏、そして再活性化という過程を経て進行します。HSV-1 は通常、口や生殖器の粘膜に初期および再発性の水疱性発疹を引き起こします。その臨床像は、口唇ヘルペスからヘルペス性毛嚢炎、皮膚感染症、眼病変、ヘルペス脳炎といった重篤な症状まで多岐にわたります。抗ウイルス療法は HSV 感染の管理に有効です。
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) は広く分布する感染症で、米国の 12 歳以上の成人の約 22%（合計 4,500 万人）が罹患しています。HSV-1 は主に口内炎を引き起こしますが、生殖器病変を起こすこともあります。患者に生殖器病変が認められる場合、通常は HSV-2 が主な懸念事項となります。HSV-2 の感染時の症状は、性器のかゆみや刺激感などがあいまいであることが多く、診断や治療が遅れやすいです。この遅れにより、感染していない人への感染がさらに拡大する可能性があります。
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) は、一般に十代の若者や成人に性器ヘルペスや口唇ヘルペスなどの感染症を引き起こします。HSV が生後 4〜6 週間以内の乳児に感染すると、重篤な疾患を引き起こし、重大な合併症を伴う可能性があります。新生児 HSV 感染症を迅速に診断することは、病状の悪化を防ぎ、神経学的問題（死亡さえも）を回避するために極めて重要です。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex 感染は非常に一般的で、妊婦から赤ちゃんへ感染する可能性があります。このウイルスは深刻な健康問題を引き起こしたり、新生児の死亡につながることがあります。妊娠中はまれですが、出産時には頻繁に起こります。母親が妊娠後期に感染した場合、リスクが最も高くなります。ただし、このリスクは抗ウイルス薬の使用や、特定の状況で帝王切開を選択することで軽減できます。
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 型と 2 型は世界中の多くの人に感染します。通常、ウイルスは皮膚に感染した後、神経細胞内に潜伏し、後に再活性化して口唇ヘルペスを引き起こすことがあります。場合によっては、眼の感染症や脳炎、新生児や免疫力が低下した人々に重篤な状態をもたらすこともあります。現在の医薬品は感染の抑制に役立ちますが、薬剤耐性や副作用のリスクが依然として懸念されています。ウイルスをより効果的に攻撃する新薬が求められています。
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
単純ヘルペス (Herpes simplex) ウイルスには、1 型 (HSV-1) と 2 型 (HSV-2) の 2 種類があります。HSV-1 は主に口周囲に感染し、HSV-2 は性器に感染することが多いです。これらは感染者との直接接触で伝染します。性器ヘルペスは性感染症に分類され、出産時に新生児へ感染することがあります。感染後、ウイルスは感覚神経を介して神経細胞体に移動し、そこで生涯潜伏します。再発は、免疫力の低下、ストレス、日光曝露などがきっかけとなります。
ほとんどの場合、抗ウイルス薬は症状が重いときにのみ使用します。再発が頻繁に起こる人には、毎日抗ウイルス薬を服用することがあります。現在利用できるワクチンはなく、帯状疱疹ワクチンは単純ヘルペスの予防にはなりません。アシクロビルやバラシクロビルなどの抗ウイルス薬により、症状の重症度を軽減できます。
HSV-1 および HSV-2 の世界的な感染率は成人で 60%～95% と高く、HSV-1 は主に小児期に感染します。2003 年時点で、世界で推定 5 億 3,600 万人（人口の約 16%）が HSV-2 に感染しており、特に女性や発展途上国の人々で感染率が高いです。HSV-2 感染者の大多数は自分が感染していることに気付いていません。
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